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英语高中核心语法总结(推荐5篇)

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导读 4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.高中英语语法口诀。材代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词,eg: wooden, silk, plastic, stone等。

英语高中核心语法总结 第1篇

(一)巧记名词变复数的规则:

单数变为复数式,一般词尾加-s;

下列句词词尾后,要加-s先加-e。

发音[f] 、[ t ]、[s]和[z],或是某些辅音加-o时。

有些名词变复数,词尾变化要注意。

y前字母是辅音,一律变y为-ies.

遇到f和fe,有时需要变-ves.

少数名词不规则,特殊情况要强记。

说明:

1、名词变复数形式,一般在词尾加-s.

eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens,…

2、词尾发音为[f , t s, z]的名词(即以字母sh, ch, s, x结尾者)在变复数时,要在词尾加-es,eg: watch-watches, box-boxes, bus-buses,etc

3、若词尾字母o的前面是辅音字母,变为复数时,有些加-es,eg: hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, patato-patatoes, tomato-tomatoes.这四个词可组成一句话来记忆:Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes(英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿。简为二人吃二菜。)

但有些以o结尾的名词则加-s,eg: photo – photoes, piano –pianos等。

4、若词尾字母y前加的是辅音字母时,变为复数,首先把y变为i,再加-es, eg: family – families, city- cities, baby – babies等,但若词尾y前为元音字母时,则可直接加-s, eg: day-days, boy-boys等。

5、以f和fe结尾的名词变复数时,首先将f和fe变为v, 再加-es,我们也可用一句话来记,―狼(wolf)和小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)威胁书架(shelf)上的半片(half)叶子(leaf)的生命(life)。另外记住一些常见特殊词,eg: roof—roofs.

6. 有些名词的复数变化是不规则的,eg: man-men, woman-women, child-children, chinese- chinese, sheep-sheep等,平时多留心,稍微加以归纳,是不难发现其的特征的。

(二)定冠词

冠词是NMET试题中出现较频繁的词性,近五年复出率高达。因而掌握冠词,尤其是定冠词的用法也尤其必要。

请看下面的顺口溜,它可以帮助我们记忆定冠词的一些用法:

特指、重提和唯一,岛屿,海峡和海湾;

海洋,党派最高级,沙漠,河流与群山;

方位、顺序和乐器,年代,团体与机关;

船名,建筑和组织,会议,条约与报刊;

姓氏复数,国全名,请你记住用定冠。

下面让我们再来―验证‖这顺口溜吧。请仔细观察下面各句中定冠词的用法,不难发现它的―功效‖与―真伪‖了。

1. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.

2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8:00

3. The sun gives us heat and light.

4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.高中英语语法口诀。

5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.

6. Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?

7. She’s on the People’s Daily.

8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.

9. Who was the first to come?

10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.

11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990’s

12. In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time.

(三)非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括动词不定式,动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。这是高考中的热点,其考查量多、面广,几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现率达百分之百。纵观试题,其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也―知之半解‖,深感头疼。请看下面的方法,将有助于记住不定式及动名词。

1、动词的不定式

①不定式有标记,to与动词连一起。

②没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备。

③主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以。

④not 加上不定式,否定结构要牢记。

⑤疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义。

⑥仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据。

解析:

①―to+动词原形‖是它的基本构成形式,即不定式的标记。

②它没有人称和数的变化,不管主语是任何人称,单数还是复数,动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语。

③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点,所以,它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。

④―not +动词不定式‖是它的否定形式,不要受其他否定式的影响,要记住规律。

⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语,宾语、表语、状语。

⑥通过以上分析,只要仔细研究,把不定式的功能用法搞清楚,在应用时就能作出准确的判断。

2、动名词:

哪些动词后面只能接动名词,下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。

喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)

停止,放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk)

反对想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off)

要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)

建议继续勤练(suggest, go on, practise)

不禁原谅要坚持(can’t help, excuse , insist on)

继续注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)

(四)多个形容词并开修饰一个名词的问题

有两三个形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词。若有多个形容词修饰,可用下面这句话来判断、排列它们的顺序:县官行令杀国材。

其意思是:县(限)代表限定词,包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词,所有格,数字等。 官(观)代表表示观点的描绘性形容词,eg: fine beautiful interesting等。

行(形)代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词:eg: small tall, high, little, round等。 令代表表示年龄、新旧的形容词:eg: old, young等。

杀色(近似音)代表表示颜色的形容词:eg: white, black等。

国代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词:eg: Englsih, American, moun tain等。

材代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词,eg: wooden, silk, plastic, stone等。

请看下面的例子: a fine old stone bridge;

two big round new Chinese wooden tables;

his large new black foreign car.

(五)序数词中的特殊词:

记忆序数词中的特殊词时,可用顺口溜来记:

八去t,九减e, f来把ve替,若是遇上几十几,ie就把y来替。

即:eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth, twentieth, thirtieth…

(六)一些动词

1. lie 的变化

记忆lie 的变化时,可用顺口溜来帮助记忆:

规则的说谎,不规则的躺,躺过就下蛋,下蛋不规则。

即:lie—lied—lied—lying(说谎)

lie—lay—lain—lying(躺,位于)

lay—laid—laid—layin(产卵,下蛋)

2、感官动词和使役动词:

记忆此项动词,可归纳于五三二一,即:

―五看‖—see, watch, notice, observe, look at;

―二使‖—let, make, have;

―三听‖—hear, listen to;

―一觉‖—feel.

3、―否定转移‖的5个常用词:

我认为(think)猜想(suppose)与想象(imagine)都不可相信(believe),我期待(expect)等着你的回答。eg: I don’t think he’ll come tomorrow.

4、―同源宾语‖的七个常用词

微笔(smile)着生话(live)歌唱(sing)着战斗(fight)死(die)也像睡觉(sleep)做梦(dream)一样甜蜜。

eg: Now we’re living a happy life and often dream good dreams.

5、巧记常用于―主语没有生命胜似有‖之类句子谓语的七个动词:

如果看见(see)或发现(discover) Turn(音译:特恩),一定要找到(find)他,并带(bring)他到这儿给(give)大伙展示(show)一下。

eg: Tomorrow’ll see the opening of the meeting.

Dusk found a little boy crying in the street.

英语高中核心语法总结 第2篇

形容词和副词

I. 要点

A. 形容词

1、 形容词的用法

形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:

He is honest and hardworking.

I found the book interesting.

某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:

The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

The English like to be with their families.

多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:

冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:

the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

2、 形容词比较等级的形式

(1) 规则形式

一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; -est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如:

great-greater-greatest

busy-busier-busiest

important-more important-(the) most important

(2) 不规则形式

good (well)-better-best

bad (ill)-worse-worst

many (much)-more-most

little-less-least

(3) 形容词比较等级的用法

①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如:

He is cleverer than the other boys.

This one is more beautiful than that one.

②表示两者以上的比较,用_the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …_如:

He is the cleverest boy in his class.

③表示两者是同等程度,用_as +形容词原级+as_. 如:

He is as tall as I.

I have as many books as you.

④ 越… 越…

例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.

⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.

你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。

⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.

那一天是最令我担心的一天。

I have never had a better dinner.

这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

⑦ My English is no better than yours.

我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。

B.副词

1、 副词的种类

(1) 时间副词 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

(2) 地点副词 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

(3) 方式副词 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

(4) 程度副词 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

2、 副词比较等级的用法

其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:

Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

We must work harder.

3、 某些副词在用法上的区别

(1) already, yet, still

already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:

We've already watched that film.

I haven't finished my homework yet.

He still works until late every night.

(2) too, as well, also, either

too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:

He went there too.

He didn't go there either.

I like you as well.

I also went there.

(3) hard, hardly

hardly意为_几乎_与hard在词义上完全不同。如:

I work hard every day.

I can hardly remember that.

(4) late, lately

lately意为_最近、近来_,late意为_晚、迟_。如:

He never comes late.

Have you been to the museum lately?

II. 例题

例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

A high enough B tall enough

C enough high C enough tall

解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。

例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

A When I take more medicine

B The more medicine I take

C Taking more of the medicine

D More medicine taken

解析:该题正确答案为B。 _the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…_意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。

例3_I haven't been to London yet_.

_I haven't been there _____.

A too B also C either D neither

解析:该题正确答案为C。 A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定_两者都不_,而C-either则用于否定句中,意为_也_。

例4 Mr. Smith was ____ moved at the news.

A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

解析:该题正确答案为B。 A. deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。

英语高中核心语法总结 第3篇

宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。

b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。

2. 作介词的宾语,例如:

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:

I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:

正确表达:I admire their winning the match.

错误表达:I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.

错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的.作用,不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

英语高中核心语法总结 第4篇

在英语中,有一些含有定冠词 the 和不含定冠词 the 的词组。这些词组仅仅是一个定冠词 the 的差别,但是它们表示的意义却不同。如:

He likes to sit in the front of the class.

他喜欢坐在教室的前排。

There is a pond in front of the house.

房屋前面有个池塘。

1. 词组 in the front of 和 in front of 都有在前面的意思,但含义不同。 in the front of 表示在(范围内的)前面;而 in front of 表示在(范围外的)前面。

2. at table 意为吃饭;进餐; at the table 意为在桌边。如:

He seldom talks at table.

他吃饭时很少说话。

We sat at the table, talking.

我们坐在桌边谈论。

3. go to school 意为开始求学;到校上课; go to the school 意为去学校(但不一定是上学)。如:

He usually goes to school by bike.

他通常骑自行车到校上课。

His mother often goes to the school to see him.

他的妈妈经常去学校看他。

4. in charge of ( =take charge of ),意为主管;看管;在看管之下,主语是人; in the charge of 意为负责管理;负责照料,主语是事物(物)。如:

英语高中核心语法总结 第5篇

一、词 法

1、名词

(1)名词的可数与不可数

可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来统计,都称为不可数名词。

不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。

(2)名词复数的规则变化

A.一般情况下加-s。

B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。

C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。

D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。

(3)名词的所有格

A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。

如:the worker’ s bike,the Children’ s ball

B. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’ s。

如: This is Lucy and Lily’ s room.

These are Kate’ s and jack’ s rooms.

C. 如果是通过在词尾加-s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。

如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses

(另外:如果名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)

2、代词

人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词

(1)人称代词

第一人称单数

I me my mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称

单数 you you your yours yourself

复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称

单数 he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

it it its its itself

复数 they them their theirs themselves

(2)物主代词

物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟一个名词;

名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。

(3)反身代词

反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.